Designing primers
Primer design is a crucial step for your assay. The main considerations are:
- Specificity and minimal selfcomplementarity. LCGreen Plus+ is not a selective DNA dye therefore an unspecific amplification should be avoided.
- Small PCR product. The resolution of HRMA increases with a decrease of PCR products size. Design your primers to catch 50-80 bp product with SNP in the middle. You can use PCR product of bigger size (up to 400 bp) but than find the region with >2 SNPs. In theory, HRMA can nicely work with 400 bp and one SNP. However most likely you use “dirty” DNA extraction method and contaminants present in the DNA can influence readouts of HRMA.
- Software. In principle, any program can be used for an optimal primer design. For instance, usually Primer3 gives acceptable primer sets. Annealing temperature in the optimized assay will be approximately 8°C higher than in PCR with home-brew Taq enzyme. The LightScanner® is supplied with a software for the primer design. The software contains a module for the design of LUNA® probes (unlabeled probes, 3′-end is blocked with phosphate group). However in the current version this module does not give an appropriate probes. When a new version will be available we will send a notification mail.
- Preferably, design 2 primer sets per assay. One primer set can work better than another one.
The guide for the primer design software is available with the software, near the LightScanner® PC and here.Please note that many markers are already designed. You can check list of optimized assays or standard markers for Arabidopsis. The files are updated every week.